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The Ricardian Volume 11 (1998-1999)
March 1998 No. 140 Alison Hanham This article discusses the authorship of the
Crowland Chronicle. The author believes that several authors were involved
in the continuations of 1459–1486, not one as hitherto argued, perhaps
with the account of the years from 1459–1485 being based on a 'secular'
chronicle written outside Crowland Abbey and adapted as necessary.
‘Niclas Von Popplau – His Work and Travels’ Discusses the family,
background, education and travels of Niclas von Popplau. Also discusses,
partly from the point of view of Polish historians, Popplau's report
of his European tour of 1483–1486. June 1998 No. 141 A discussion of this important late-fifteenth-century
manuscript and of its probable ownership by Edward IV. His ownership
would be important in the context of the type of book he owned.
‘The Reburial Expenses Of Sir Thomas Arundell’ An edition of a manuscript account of the expenses
incurred in moving the body of Sir Thomas Arundell of Lanherne from
a temporary burial in the parish church of Waddesdon, Bucks, to his
final tomb in the church of the Grey Friars in Dorchester. ‘Roses With Thorns: The Dangers Of Restoration
And Interpretation’ A discussion of whether white and red roses painted on the tower ceiling of St Alban's Cathedral and a red rose on Cardinal Beaufort's Chantry at Winchester Cathedral were contemporary or not. The author believes not. September
1998, No. 142 Discusses the statements put forward in the
act Titulus Regius about Edward IV's 'ungracious
pretense marriage' to Elizabeth Grey. The act's conclusions that the
marriage was invalid and that its offspring were illegitimate are discussed,
particularly with regard to witchcraft as an impediment to marriage.
‘Reflections On Lady Eleanor’ This article considers the situation in canon
law that would have arisen if Lady Eleanor Talbot and Edward had consummated
their marriage and why Edward did not marry Elizabeth Woodville sub
conditione if he felt any doubt as to the validity of his marriage
to her. ‘The Missing Molars: A Genealogical Conundrum’
Discusses 'stiff fingers' and congenitally missing
teeth with respect to the Talbot family and the possible skeleton of
Lady Eleanor Talbot. It relates missing teeth to the skeletons of Anne
Mowbray and the skeletons (of the 'Princes') from the Tower of London.
‘Varieties Of Error And Kingsford's Stonor Letters And Papers’ Some comments on the new reprint of C. L. Kingsford's edition of the Stonor Letters, edited by Christine Carpenter, pointing out the many errors of transcription. December
1998 No. 143 As the first of a series of articles on funerals
of royal members of the House of York, this covers the burial of Edward
IV, King of England, in April 1483. Includes a description and discussion
of the ceremonies from the hour he died at Westminster, to the moment
he was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor. Explains various features
of 'chivalric' funerals, such as the offering of the horse and the knightly
achievements of the deceased, the role of the heralds and the other
people present, the route of the cortège and what happened along the
way. Prints the full texts of the reports of the heralds, in English
and French (with translation). The series is to be continued by articles
on Edward IV's tomb, his remains, the poems written immediately after
his death, and the burials of his daughter, Mary, and his queen, Elizabeth
Woodville. March 1999, No. 144 James Gairdner (1828–1912) was a dedicated archivist,
a prolific editor of fifteenth-century records and chronicles, and an
accomplished narrative historian. His two-volume Letters and Papers
of Richard III and Henry VII (1861, 1863) was a pioneering, and
still valuable, selection of record evidence; his 1904 edition of the
Paston Letters remains the best available; and his 1878 History of
the Life and Reign of Richard III, so often unjustly denigrated
for its hostility to the king and undue reliance on Tudor tradition,
is a well-informed, scholarly and stimulating study. ‘The Royal Burials Of The House Of York At Windsor:
Ii. Princess Mary, May 1482, And Queen Elizabeth Woodville, June 1492’ Describes in detail the funeral ceremonies of
Mary, daughter of Edward IV, and of his queen, Elizabeth, and discusses
all their aspects, including reference to Edward's other children who
died very young. Prints the texts of the surviving contemporary narratives.
Includes a map of the route of the funeral cortège. Part of a series
that includes the funeral of Edward himself and the poems written on
his death. ‘Further Reflections On Lady Eleanor Talbot’ This article answers some of the points raised
in Muriel Smith's recent paper on Lady Eleanor. It considers whether
Eleanor could realistically have brought a case against Edward IV in
the church courts, looks at the precise nature of her association with
the Carmelites and considers how defective her inherited Beauchamp genes
really were. 'One Prince Or Two' Michael Hicks suggested that, according to the
founders' chronicle of Tewkesbury Abbey, either Richard III had a second
son George born in 1476, or Richard's only son Edward of Middleham was
born then. The second suggestion seems reliably supported by a mention
of Edward's age in Rous's Historia Regum Angliae. June 1999 No. 145 This paper traces the Hampshire origins of Edward
IV's mistress, evaluates the social standing of her family, which was
less obscure than has sometimes been suggested, and considers the issues
of which children she bore the king and what ultimately became of her.
It also looks en passant at Edward IV's reputation for
promiscuity. ‘The Royal Burials Of The House Of York At Windsor:
III. Laments For The Death Of Edward IV’ Introduces and prints 'The Lament for the Soul
of Edward IV', New York, Corning Museum of Glass, Corning Glass Centre
MS 7, ff. 131–32; 'The Death of Edward IV', Manchester, John Rylands
University Library MS Eng. 113, f. 3r-v; the first stanza of the fragmentary
'Lament of the Ladies for the Death of Edward IV', British Library MS
Harleian 3952, f. 105v, and – with translation – the only known Latin
lament on the death of Edward IV, Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson
C. 86, f. 174. REVIEW ARTICLE: A translation and discussion of the German text
of Popplau's meeting with Richard III from Reisebeschreibung Niclas
von Popplau, Ritte,; Burtig von Breslau, edited by Piotr Radzikowski,
1998, Krakow. September
1999 No. 146 This article is a study of three petitions concerning
ravishment contra voluntatem
brought by Isabel Boteler, Margaret Mallefaut and the family of Joan
Beaumont before parliament during the reign of Henry VI. They reveal
not only terrible crimes committed against these particular women, but
also chart a steady decline in the ability of the judicial system to
bring evildoers to trial. Rape, abduction and ravishment had occurred
before 1400, of course, but by the fifteenth century ravishment had
evolved into a method of acquiring a woman's financial resources. Victims
were captured through trickery or force, coerced into marriage, and
raped to consummate the 'union'. Then the instability of royal authority,
the king's willingness to grant pardons indiscriminately, and the corruption
of local officials ensured the increasing ineffectiveness of the legal
system to procure arrest and conviction. Isabel Boteler, Margaret Mallefaut
and the family of Joan Beaumont could only turn to parliament (and to
threats of attainder and harsh financial penalties against both felon
and judicial officials) in hopes of restoring their property and status.
‘ “'The Retirement” Of Elizabeth Woodville,
And Her Sons’ Further discussion of whether Elizabeth Woodville
was incarcerated by the order of Henry VII in Bermondsey Abbey and the
evidence which survives for this. ‘Edward Of Middleham’ Further discussion of the date of birth of Edward
of Middleham, concluding that this was indeed likely to have been 1476,
given the evidence and the probable date of 1474 December
1999 No. 147 The march of Margaret of Anjou and her army
early in 1461 from York to St Albans has usually been described as a
march accompanied by terrible devastation and looting. The author of
this article points out that to allow an army such unbridled licence
would be very counterproductive and shows that there is no evidence
that any great damage was caused. He also shows that Margaret probably
did not intend to assault London as Yorkist propaganda declared.
‘Richard Was Late’ A brief discussion of the date that Richard
of Gloucester arrived in Holland in 1470. It has previously been assumed
that he fled from England with his brother but the author gives good
reason to suppose that in fact Richard arrived later than this, possibly
having tried to raise troops for his brother.
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